.hoodTransactions in Block #7,086,118
45 transactions found
| ? | Txn Hash | Method ? | Block | Age | From | To | Amount | Txn Fee ? | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Additional Info Status: Success (5,491,423 Block Confirmations) Transaction Fee: — ETH Gas Info: 0 gas used from 0 limit @ 0.000000000059038 ETH (0.05 Gwei) Nonce: 0 (in the position 0) See more details → | 0xb80296…29215a | 0x6bf6a42d | 7,086,118 | 6 days agoSat, 11 Jul 2026 16:27:40 UTC | 0x0000…4b05 | OUT | 0x0000…4b05 | $0.000 ETH | — |
Additional Info Status: Fail (5,491,423 Block Confirmations) Transaction Fee: 0.000014473933194 ETH ($0.026622) Gas Info: 245,163 gas used from 3,000,000 limit @ 0.000000000059038 ETH (0.05 Gwei) Nonce: 198 (in the position 1) See more details → | !0x97bca9…e6e2a1 | executeCycle | 7,086,118 | 6 days agoSat, 11 Jul 2026 16:27:40 UTC | 0x4bab…a4a7 | OUT | FlashArbExecutor | $0.000 ETH | 0.00001447 |
Additional Info Status: Success (5,491,423 Block Confirmations) Transaction Fee: 0.00000278570803 ETH ($0.005124) Gas Info: 47,185 gas used from 120,000 limit @ 0.000000000059038 ETH (0.05 Gwei) Nonce: 53 (in the position 2) See more details → | 0x11b029…be70df | Approve | 7,086,118 | 6 days agoSat, 11 Jul 2026 16:27:40 UTC | 0xab94…fba9 | OUT | AMERICA | $0.000 ETH | 0.00000278 |
Additional Info Status: Success (5,491,423 Block Confirmations) Transaction Fee: 0.000022460239606 ETH ($0.041311) Gas Info: 380,437 gas used from 848,612 limit @ 0.000000000059038 ETH (0.05 Gwei) Nonce: 17,025 (in the position 3) See more details → | 0x8f17b1…405fc2 | 0x7fedff4e | 7,086,118 | 6 days agoSat, 11 Jul 2026 16:27:40 UTC | 0xb5b6…2a1c | OUT | TransparentUpgradeableProxy | $0.000 ETH | 0.00002246 |
Additional Info Status: Success (5,491,423 Block Confirmations) Transaction Fee: 0.000002785530916 ETH ($0.005123) Gas Info: 47,182 gas used from 71,913 limit @ 0.000000000059038 ETH (0.05 Gwei) Nonce: 421 (in the position 4) See more details → | 0x445152…9c8810 | Approve | 7,086,118 | 6 days agoSat, 11 Jul 2026 16:27:40 UTC | 0x473e…299b | OUT | Varna's Green Cat | $0.000 ETH | 0.00000278 |
Additional Info Status: Success (5,491,423 Block Confirmations) Transaction Fee: 0.00004962675242 ETH ($0.091279) Gas Info: 840,590 gas used from 2,862,420 limit @ 0.000000000059038 ETH (0.05 Gwei) Nonce: 3,012 (in the position 5) See more details → | 0x73451e…ee8746 | 0x765e827f | 7,086,118 | 6 days agoSat, 11 Jul 2026 16:27:40 UTC | 0x4337…2d79 | OUT | 0x4337…f108 | $0.000 ETH | 0.00004962 |
Additional Info Status: Success (5,491,423 Block Confirmations) Transaction Fee: 0.000017124739394 ETH ($0.031498) Gas Info: 290,063 gas used from 556,479 limit @ 0.000000000059038 ETH (0.05 Gwei) Nonce: 55 (in the position 6) See more details → | 0x16c8a8…ff3951 | 0x27772d13 | 7,086,118 | 6 days agoSat, 11 Jul 2026 16:27:40 UTC | 0x04ec…bbbb | OUT | 0x81da…6d97 | $0.000 ETH | 0.00001712 |
Additional Info Status: Success (5,491,423 Block Confirmations) Transaction Fee: 0.000010162447092 ETH ($0.018692) Gas Info: 172,134 gas used from 1,000,000 limit @ 0.000000000059038 ETH (0.05 Gwei) Nonce: 125 (in the position 7) See more details → | 0x63a0a7…af9fdd | 0xe6cb474f | 7,086,118 | 6 days agoSat, 11 Jul 2026 16:27:40 UTC | 0xc47b…c3f2 | OUT | 0x5b8d…d70e | $0.000 ETH | 0.00001016 |
Additional Info Status: Fail (5,491,423 Block Confirmations) Transaction Fee: 0.000019797684844 ETH ($0.036414) Gas Info: 335,338 gas used from 1,002,000 limit @ 0.000000000059038 ETH (0.05 Gwei) Nonce: 21,561 (in the position 8) See more details → | !0xbfc9c5…b81d6f | 0x01000bd7 | 7,086,118 | 6 days agoSat, 11 Jul 2026 16:27:40 UTC | 0xef21…c755 | OUT | 0x54cb…e164 | $0.000 ETH | 0.00001979 |
Additional Info Status: Fail (5,491,423 Block Confirmations) Transaction Fee: 0.000024518304286 ETH ($0.045097) Gas Info: 415,297 gas used from 1,002,000 limit @ 0.000000000059038 ETH (0.05 Gwei) Nonce: 21,562 (in the position 9) See more details → | !0x6c8939…0276ee | 0x01000bd7 | 7,086,118 | 6 days agoSat, 11 Jul 2026 16:27:40 UTC | 0xef21…c755 | OUT | 0x54cb…e164 | $0.000 ETH | 0.00002451 |
Additional Info Status: Fail (5,491,423 Block Confirmations) Transaction Fee: 0.000014459764074 ETH ($0.026596) Gas Info: 244,923 gas used from 1,002,000 limit @ 0.000000000059038 ETH (0.05 Gwei) Nonce: 21,563 (in the position 10) See more details → | !0x550257…d37159 | 0x01000bd7 | 7,086,118 | 6 days agoSat, 11 Jul 2026 16:27:40 UTC | 0xef21…c755 | OUT | 0x54cb…e164 | $0.000 ETH | 0.00001445 |
Additional Info Status: Fail (5,491,423 Block Confirmations) Transaction Fee: 0.000011933469016 ETH ($0.021949) Gas Info: 202,132 gas used from 600,000 limit @ 0.000000000059038 ETH (0.05 Gwei) Nonce: 31 (in the position 11) See more details → | !0x93386a…a94e20 | 0x55f582cd | 7,086,118 | 6 days agoSat, 11 Jul 2026 16:27:40 UTC | 0x603b…a5ef | OUT | 0x8024…a36d | $0.000 ETH | 0.00001193 |
Additional Info Status: Success (5,491,423 Block Confirmations) Transaction Fee: 0.000002785530916 ETH ($0.005123) Gas Info: 47,182 gas used from 71,913 limit @ 0.000000000059038 ETH (0.05 Gwei) Nonce: 259 (in the position 12) See more details → | 0x3515f7…396186 | Approve | 7,086,118 | 6 days agoSat, 11 Jul 2026 16:27:40 UTC | 0xa01c…b0a6 | OUT | Varna's Green Cat | $0.000 ETH | 0.00000278 |
Additional Info Status: Success (5,491,423 Block Confirmations) Transaction Fee: 0.000010901189586 ETH ($0.020051) Gas Info: 184,647 gas used from 1,000,000 limit @ 0.000000000059038 ETH (0.05 Gwei) Nonce: 25 (in the position 13) See more details → | 0xd79e06…260d13 | Execute | 7,086,118 | 6 days agoSat, 11 Jul 2026 16:27:40 UTC | 0xf424…b341 | OUT | 0x24d7…c6f9 | $0.000 ETH | 0.00001090 |
Additional Info Status: Success (5,491,423 Block Confirmations) Transaction Fee: 0.00000278570803 ETH ($0.005124) Gas Info: 47,185 gas used from 120,000 limit @ 0.000000000059038 ETH (0.05 Gwei) Nonce: 91 (in the position 14) See more details → | 0x7f21bb…fbc6b3 | Approve | 7,086,118 | 6 days agoSat, 11 Jul 2026 16:27:40 UTC | 0xc01f…8c8b | OUT | AMERICA | $0.000 ETH | 0.00000278 |
Additional Info Status: Success (5,491,423 Block Confirmations) Transaction Action: Transfer 0.01 ETH ($18.39) to 0xb09997…7b7397 Transaction Fee: 0.00000127433523 ETH ($0.002344) Gas Info: 21,585 gas used from 22,085 limit @ 0.000000000059038 ETH (0.05 Gwei) Nonce: 130 (in the position 15) See more details → | 0x3b9d83…9a54ed | Transfer | 7,086,118 | 6 days agoSat, 11 Jul 2026 16:27:40 UTC | 0x522b…8ad6 | OUT | 0xb099…7397 | $18.390.01 ETH | 0.00000127 |
Additional Info Status: Success (5,491,423 Block Confirmations) Transaction Fee: 0.000014438097128 ETH ($0.026556) Gas Info: 244,556 gas used from 462,316 limit @ 0.000000000059038 ETH (0.05 Gwei) Nonce: 179 (in the position 16) See more details → | 0xa6be6c…26f6d6 | 0x39ecce49 | 7,086,118 | 6 days agoSat, 11 Jul 2026 16:27:40 UTC | 0x65f5…ef4d | OUT | 0x9be3…237c | $0.000 ETH | 0.00001443 |
Additional Info Status: Success (5,491,423 Block Confirmations) Transaction Fee: 0.00000283500476 ETH ($0.005214) Gas Info: 48,020 gas used from 48,784 limit @ 0.000000000059038 ETH (0.05 Gwei) Nonce: 83 (in the position 17) See more details → | 0x3e0b95…ece05a | Approve | 7,086,118 | 6 days agoSat, 11 Jul 2026 16:27:40 UTC | 0xcab2…eb35 | OUT | 0xe5da…a085 | $0.000 ETH | 0.00000283 |
Additional Info Status: Success (5,491,423 Block Confirmations) Transaction Fee: 0.00000385341026 ETH ($0.007088) Gas Info: 65,270 gas used from 16,000,000 limit @ 0.000000000059038 ETH (0.05 Gwei) Nonce: 134,309 (in the position 18) See more details → | 0x98fac7…c96f78 | 0xb9282783 | 7,086,118 | 6 days agoSat, 11 Jul 2026 16:27:40 UTC | 0x2efc…1f56 | OUT | 0x551f…0c77 | $0.000 ETH | 0.00000385 |
Additional Info Status: Success (5,491,423 Block Confirmations) Transaction Fee: 0.000002785530916 ETH ($0.005123) Gas Info: 47,182 gas used from 71,913 limit @ 0.000000000059038 ETH (0.05 Gwei) Nonce: 404 (in the position 19) See more details → | 0xcf3d1a…2571f8 | Approve | 7,086,118 | 6 days agoSat, 11 Jul 2026 16:27:40 UTC | 0x833a…2b83 | OUT | Varna's Green Cat | $0.000 ETH | 0.00000278 |
Additional Info Status: Success (5,491,423 Block Confirmations) Transaction Fee: 0.000002785530916 ETH ($0.005123) Gas Info: 47,182 gas used from 71,902 limit @ 0.000000000059038 ETH (0.05 Gwei) Nonce: 540 (in the position 20) See more details → | 0xc0596e…74de43 | Approve | 7,086,118 | 6 days agoSat, 11 Jul 2026 16:27:40 UTC | 0x113e…fcf7 | OUT | You Only Live Once | $0.000 ETH | 0.00000278 |
Additional Info Status: Success (5,491,423 Block Confirmations) Transaction Fee: 0.000008715543788 ETH ($0.016031) Gas Info: 147,626 gas used from 511,119 limit @ 0.000000000059038 ETH (0.05 Gwei) Nonce: 12,095 (in the position 21) See more details → | 0x09266d…a02685 | optimized_routeFill921336808 | 7,086,118 | 6 days agoSat, 11 Jul 2026 16:27:40 UTC | 0x2773…b69c | OUT | 0x0000…fa3a | $0.000 ETH | 0.00000871 |
Additional Info Status: Success (5,491,423 Block Confirmations) Transaction Fee: 0.000011333111594 ETH ($0.020845) Gas Info: 191,963 gas used from 1,000,000 limit @ 0.000000000059038 ETH (0.05 Gwei) Nonce: 54 (in the position 22) See more details → | 0xc4ffb6…f75b4e | 0x4d819a2a | 7,086,118 | 6 days agoSat, 11 Jul 2026 16:27:40 UTC | 0xab94…fba9 | OUT | 0x6505…40dc | $0.000 ETH | 0.00001133 |
Additional Info Status: Success (5,491,423 Block Confirmations) Transaction Fee: 0.00001110475261 ETH ($0.020425) Gas Info: 188,095 gas used from 1,000,000 limit @ 0.000000000059038 ETH (0.05 Gwei) Nonce: 92 (in the position 23) See more details → | 0x4a1887…da8ac9 | 0x4d819a2a | 7,086,118 | 6 days agoSat, 11 Jul 2026 16:27:40 UTC | 0xc01f…8c8b | OUT | 0x6505…40dc | $0.000 ETH | 0.00001110 |
Additional Info Status: Success (5,491,423 Block Confirmations) Transaction Fee: 0.00001109737286 ETH ($0.020412) Gas Info: 187,970 gas used from 434,232 limit @ 0.000000000059038 ETH (0.05 Gwei) Nonce: 389 (in the position 24) See more details → | 0xfd0ebb…0eae83 | 0x4d819a2a | 7,086,118 | 6 days agoSat, 11 Jul 2026 16:27:40 UTC | 0xa7a2…ecca | OUT | 0xe492…ce2b | $0.000 ETH | 0.00001109 |
Additional Info Status: Success (5,491,423 Block Confirmations) Transaction Fee: 0.000040831330218 ETH ($0.075101) Gas Info: 691,611 gas used from 1,303,676 limit @ 0.000000000059038 ETH (0.05 Gwei) Nonce: 359 (in the position 25) See more details → | 0xec8b2f…9a5ad2 | multicall | 7,086,118 | 6 days agoSat, 11 Jul 2026 16:27:40 UTC | 0x652c…6df0 | OUT | Uniswap V3 Positions NFT-V1 | $0.000 ETH | 0.00004083 |
Additional Info Status: Success (5,491,423 Block Confirmations) Transaction Fee: 0.0000131890892 ETH ($0.024259) Gas Info: 223,400 gas used from 884,110 limit @ 0.000000000059038 ETH (0.05 Gwei) Nonce: 3,866 (in the position 26) See more details → | 0xbb3a78…6c72fe | optimized_routeFill921336808 | 7,086,118 | 6 days agoSat, 11 Jul 2026 16:27:40 UTC | 0xed1f…be10 | OUT | 0x0000…fa3a | $0.000 ETH | 0.00001318 |
Additional Info Status: Success (5,491,423 Block Confirmations) Transaction Fee: 0.00001036648242 ETH ($0.019067) Gas Info: 175,590 gas used from 639,609 limit @ 0.000000000059038 ETH (0.05 Gwei) Nonce: 3,865 (in the position 27) See more details → | 0xe3c31c…7639d9 | optimized_routeFill921336808 | 7,086,118 | 6 days agoSat, 11 Jul 2026 16:27:40 UTC | 0x08e9…9f38 | OUT | 0x0000…fa3a | $0.000 ETH | 0.00001036 |
Additional Info Status: Success (5,491,423 Block Confirmations) Transaction Fee: 0.000004274469276 ETH ($0.007862) Gas Info: 72,402 gas used from 800,000 limit @ 0.000000000059038 ETH (0.05 Gwei) Nonce: 473,521 (in the position 28) See more details → | 0x58172e…803746 | 0xb94d0ce4 | 7,086,118 | 6 days agoSat, 11 Jul 2026 16:27:40 UTC | 0x546e…c3ae | OUT | 0x781f…ec79 | $0.000 ETH | 0.00000427 |
Additional Info Status: Success (5,491,423 Block Confirmations) Transaction Fee: 0.000013931610126 ETH ($0.025625) Gas Info: 235,977 gas used from 775,880 limit @ 0.000000000059038 ETH (0.05 Gwei) Nonce: 3,481 (in the position 29) See more details → | 0x29bd5c…b68fc9 | optimized_routeFill921336808 | 7,086,118 | 6 days agoSat, 11 Jul 2026 16:27:40 UTC | 0xac53…21ec | OUT | 0x0000…fa3a | $0.000 ETH | 0.00001393 |
Additional Info Status: Success (5,491,423 Block Confirmations) Transaction Fee: 0.000012293659854 ETH ($0.022612) Gas Info: 208,233 gas used from 340,424 limit @ 0.000000000059038 ETH (0.05 Gwei) Nonce: 3,982 (in the position 30) See more details → | 0x39905e…537cdd | optimized_routeFill921336808 | 7,086,118 | 6 days agoSat, 11 Jul 2026 16:27:40 UTC | 0x93f0…eaed | OUT | 0x0000…fa3a | $0.000 ETH | 0.00001229 |
Additional Info Status: Success (5,491,423 Block Confirmations) Transaction Fee: 0.000006945053206 ETH ($0.012774) Gas Info: 117,637 gas used from 202,175 limit @ 0.000000000059038 ETH (0.05 Gwei) Nonce: 781 (in the position 31) See more details → | 0xcfca42…310300 | modifyLiquidities | 7,086,118 | 6 days agoSat, 11 Jul 2026 16:27:40 UTC | 0x5004…4d87 | OUT | Uniswap v4 Positions NFT | $0.000 ETH | 0.00000694 |
Additional Info Status: Success (5,491,423 Block Confirmations) Transaction Fee: 0.00001109737286 ETH ($0.020412) Gas Info: 187,970 gas used from 434,132 limit @ 0.000000000059038 ETH (0.05 Gwei) Nonce: 183 (in the position 32) See more details → | 0x20fb3a…46730c | 0x4d819a2a | 7,086,118 | 6 days agoSat, 11 Jul 2026 16:27:40 UTC | 0x5852…b625 | OUT | 0xe492…ce2b | $0.000 ETH | 0.00001109 |
Additional Info Status: Success (5,491,423 Block Confirmations) Transaction Fee: 0.000022237371156 ETH ($0.040901) Gas Info: 376,662 gas used from 511,197 limit @ 0.000000000059038 ETH (0.05 Gwei) Nonce: 12,116 (in the position 33) See more details → | 0x3a8944…2c47d6 | optimized_routeFill921336808 | 7,086,118 | 6 days agoSat, 11 Jul 2026 16:27:40 UTC | 0xe2b8…7e23 | OUT | 0x0000…fa3a | $0.000 ETH | 0.00002223 |
Additional Info Status: Success (5,491,423 Block Confirmations) Transaction Fee: 0.000011100560912 ETH ($0.020417) Gas Info: 188,024 gas used from 434,184 limit @ 0.000000000059038 ETH (0.05 Gwei) Nonce: 54 (in the position 34) See more details → | 0x41c215…908a3f | 0x4d819a2a | 7,086,118 | 6 days agoSat, 11 Jul 2026 16:27:40 UTC | 0x2717…8888 | OUT | 0xe492…ce2b | $0.000 ETH | 0.00001110 |
Additional Info Status: Success (5,491,423 Block Confirmations) Transaction Fee: 0.00001107375766 ETH ($0.020368) Gas Info: 187,570 gas used from 672,121 limit @ 0.000000000059038 ETH (0.05 Gwei) Nonce: 11,782 (in the position 35) See more details → | 0x5482d0…c0bf71 | optimized_routeFill921336808 | 7,086,118 | 6 days agoSat, 11 Jul 2026 16:27:40 UTC | 0xaed3…2c08 | OUT | 0x0000…fa3a | $0.000 ETH | 0.00001107 |
Additional Info Status: Success (5,491,423 Block Confirmations) Transaction Fee: 0.000027930523572 ETH ($0.051373) Gas Info: 473,094 gas used from 638,740 limit @ 0.000000000059038 ETH (0.05 Gwei) Nonce: 3,866 (in the position 36) See more details → | 0xf97481…c059d5 | optimized_routeFill921336808 | 7,086,118 | 6 days agoSat, 11 Jul 2026 16:27:40 UTC | 0x0c4f…d7ef | OUT | 0x0000…fa3a | $0.000 ETH | 0.00002793 |
Additional Info Status: Success (5,491,423 Block Confirmations) Transaction Fee: 0.000027615851032 ETH ($0.050794) Gas Info: 467,764 gas used from 637,787 limit @ 0.000000000059038 ETH (0.05 Gwei) Nonce: 9,249 (in the position 37) See more details → | 0x95f1b8…358ebe | optimized_routeFill921336808 | 7,086,118 | 6 days agoSat, 11 Jul 2026 16:27:40 UTC | 0x014b…91c3 | OUT | 0x0000…fa3a | $0.000 ETH | 0.00002761 |
Additional Info Status: Success (5,491,423 Block Confirmations) Transaction Fee: 0.000011098671696 ETH ($0.020414) Gas Info: 187,992 gas used from 434,240 limit @ 0.000000000059038 ETH (0.05 Gwei) Nonce: 225 (in the position 38) See more details → | 0x42f7d9…6fe326 | 0x4d819a2a | 7,086,118 | 6 days agoSat, 11 Jul 2026 16:27:40 UTC | 0x608a…fc0b | OUT | 0xe492…ce2b | $0.000 ETH | 0.00001109 |
Additional Info Status: Success (5,491,423 Block Confirmations) Transaction Fee: 0.000011097018632 ETH ($0.020411) Gas Info: 187,964 gas used from 434,184 limit @ 0.000000000059038 ETH (0.05 Gwei) Nonce: 55 (in the position 39) See more details → | 0x175b85…a6d8df | 0x4d819a2a | 7,086,118 | 6 days agoSat, 11 Jul 2026 16:27:40 UTC | 0x2717…8888 | OUT | 0xe492…ce2b | $0.000 ETH | 0.00001109 |
Additional Info Status: Success (5,491,423 Block Confirmations) Transaction Fee: 0.000021853328966 ETH ($0.040195) Gas Info: 370,157 gas used from 605,572 limit @ 0.000000000059038 ETH (0.05 Gwei) Nonce: 3 (in the position 40) See more details → | 0x9e77a7…799976 | 0xf9e4bab4 | 7,086,118 | 6 days agoSat, 11 Jul 2026 16:27:40 UTC | 0xa1d4…7d4b | OUT | 0xccc8…15be | $0.000 ETH | 0.00002185 |
Additional Info Status: Success (5,491,423 Block Confirmations) Transaction Fee: 0.000011099144 ETH ($0.020415) Gas Info: 188,000 gas used from 434,216 limit @ 0.000000000059038 ETH (0.05 Gwei) Nonce: 226 (in the position 41) See more details → | 0xe04440…cf7bc3 | 0x4d819a2a | 7,086,118 | 6 days agoSat, 11 Jul 2026 16:27:40 UTC | 0x608a…fc0b | OUT | 0xe492…ce2b | $0.000 ETH | 0.00001109 |
Additional Info Status: Success (5,491,423 Block Confirmations) Transaction Action: Transfer 0.005 ETH ($9.20) to 0xc6cdc8…d1fabc Transaction Fee: 0.00000994052325 ETH ($0.018284) Gas Info: 168,375 gas used from 5,000,000 limit @ 0.000000000059038 ETH (0.05 Gwei) Nonce: 69 (in the position 42) See more details → | 0xc97fd8…231a72 | 0x3e0f9c3c | 7,086,118 | 6 days agoSat, 11 Jul 2026 16:27:40 UTC | 0x1141…d508 | OUT | 0xc6cd…fabc | $9.200.005 ETH | 0.00000994 |
Additional Info Status: Success (5,491,423 Block Confirmations) Transaction Fee: 0.000011040637342 ETH ($0.020307) Gas Info: 187,009 gas used from 428,538 limit @ 0.000000000059038 ETH (0.05 Gwei) Nonce: 210 (in the position 43) See more details → | 0x09929b…762cb5 | 0x4d819a2a | 7,086,118 | 6 days agoSat, 11 Jul 2026 16:27:40 UTC | 0x608d…32fe | OUT | 0xe492…ce2b | $0.000 ETH | 0.00001104 |
Additional Info Status: Success (5,491,423 Block Confirmations) Transaction Fee: 0.000002785530916 ETH ($0.005123) Gas Info: 47,182 gas used from 71,898 limit @ 0.000000000059038 ETH (0.05 Gwei) Nonce: 421 (in the position 44) See more details → | 0xc584c7…48d5ee | Approve | 7,086,118 | 6 days agoSat, 11 Jul 2026 16:27:40 UTC | 0x913c…d524 | OUT | Varna's Green Cat | $0.000 ETH | 0.00000278 |
A transaction is a cryptographically signed instruction that changes the blockchain state. Block explorers track the details of all transactions in the network.